Reincarnation Essays - Pseudoscience, Reincarnation Research

Reincarnation Reincarnation has been the talk for thousands of years. The gospels say when the Christian Master (Jesus) asked "Whom say the people that I am?," One answered "Jesus was John the Baptist returned." It was well known by then John the Baptist had been decapitated long before. Others said "He was regarded as the reincarnation either of Elias or of Jerimias." They both had been dead for centuries. This indicates how popular the subject was then, also among the Romans, Greeks, Egyptians, Irish, and Indians on the American continents, in a time when religion did not concede of the belief in reincarnation. Jesus never denied the truth of reincarnation (Cooper intro. v-vi). In the past, it has been a very controversial issue and will continue to be widely debated. However, reincarnation is the key to our very existence and the truth to life. "Reincarnation is the means by which hosts of evolving lives, of all degrees of development, are brought into association with evolving physical forms of all degrees of complexity"(Cooper 14). The basic belief is that the soul cannot be reincarnated into the body of an animal. Humans are not reborn directly after they die either(Cooper 20-21). According to Irving S. Cooper, in past lives we have been painfully suffering because we were passionate, willful, and at times cruel. But after many centuries we began to stop wrong-doing. We have grown through contact with the people around us, the regulation of the law, and through the pressure of physical being its self(Cooper 16). There are many objections and "logical arguments" to the question of reincarnation. One of the objections being: progress can be achieved by humans without having to return to this planet(Cooper 48-51). Some of the logical arguments are: one life on earth is useless in millions of cases, it makes the achievement of perfection attainable(Cooper 59-78). There is however more direct information that favors the belief in reincarnation. Because we cannot remember our past lives, there is no way of knowing if we in fact lived them. However, the first three or four years of our present life have been entirely blocked out of our memory. We know we must have been alive and conscious then because we are alive and conscience today. We do not have any personal proof of the situation as far as memory goes. All details have also been forgotten. Not only in those three to four years but more recently as well, such as earlier today. The brain lets us forget a great amount of detail. For example: "we are careful not to put our fingers into boiling water." Why? Not because we have made the mistake recently but because many years ago before we can remember, we suffered painfully when we threw our fingers into the boiling water. It had to have caused such a horrid pain because of our present caution(Cooper 80-83). There are many proofs to reincarnation. Instinct can logically explained by reincarnation. A new born chick, just hatched from the egg, runs for its safety when it sees the shadow of a hawk grace across the ground. The experience from past lifetimes lets the baby chick escape from danger instinctively(Cooper 85). It is said that when a child takes to a certain interest, like music, it is supposedly a sign that in a past life, they were musicians. This is also true when a child grasps certain instruction quickly. Maternal instinct is often times found in girls and sometimes in boys. A child playing with dolls is most likely recalling memories of an actual maternal experience from a past life(Cooper 85). Reincarnation can also be used to explain many otherwise unexplainable things, such as the following: * Ability/ Talent Each person has a certain talent that they have an exceptional ability for naturally. Usually this is a talent that has tied over from many lives. In order to keep a talent in working order, it must be facilitated. If we don't use it in one life and let our opportunities slip by, then in the next life we are impaired by physical inability though still have the yearning for the talent(Cooper 88). * "Vice or Virtue" The voice of conscience is really the memory of past decisions concerning right and wrong. A crude person has little conscience because his past experience has been so little. Criminal parents can not stop virtue from being revealed in a child neither good parents keep bad from sneaking into their children(Cooper 89). * Genius Genius is not caused by heredity or

American Culture in the 19th Century essays

American Culture in the 19th Century essays American Culture in the 19th Century Culture means the ways in which people understand themselves and interact with each other and their environment. This essay will look at how immigration, poverty, labor disputes, and women struggling for a place in this time period shaped the 19th century. The 19th century was a time of rapid growth and change in America. It was a century of Westward expansion, and the building up of muscular new cities like Chicago. Immigrants brought their cultural traditions to their adopted land. The last three decades of the 19th century were marked by relentless capitalism, corruption, vulgar tastes and ostentatious displays of wealth. While the rich wore diamonds, many other Americans wore rags. In 1890, 11 million of the nations 12 million families earned less than $1200 per year; the average annual income for most families was $380.00, well below the poverty line. In 1871 Mark Twain was quoted as saying What is the chef end of man?-to get rich. In what way? - dishonestly if we can; honestl y if we must. There were three new social classes in America during the 19th century the first two were the industrial capitalists, it included men like Andrew Carnegie. The second social class was the urban middle class. It included mostly doctors, lawyers, shop keepers, factory clerks, and the managers. The urban poor were an extremely larger group. The frustrations of the poor factory workers transformed the labor movement into a vigorous, if often violent force. Workers saw men like Andre Carnegie getting fabulously rich, and were enraged at being left behind. Violent strikes and riots were common place throughout the turn of the century. There was a feeling of unrest and brooding revolution. Industrialists took a hard line against the formation of unions, but the labor movement continued to grow. In 1877, three national unions existed; in 1880 there were eighteen. In 1886, a nat...

Prospectus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prospectus - Essay Example One of the most asked questions among several professional Historians is how the women gained the voting rights in 1893. Why didn’t they get the freedom rights in 1877 after putting all efforts pressurizing the then Colorado political rulers? Some Historians refer to the most popular theory â€Å"Myth of the Frontier† in explaining the concepts2. According to this theory, the Western women enjoyed their independence, freedom, and democracy to the maximum level during the 1870s, especially in the 1876. More reasons and answers came from certain individuals who asserted some of the Colorado Politicians granted and favored women suffrage in order to create for themselves a good image sin the political field. Another explanation or view is that the Colorado men never granted the women rights to vote such easily. They, however, fought political war; organized among themselves as suffragists with several goals, one of which the right to vote3. This argument tends to explain w hy these women never achieved gained the rights in 1877 despite their struggle. Colorado women remain in pride over the achievements of their early great grandmothers of the 19th century. The above three reasons explaining how the women achieved their independence can be discussed widely to give more and pithy explanations concerning the endlessly asked

Moral views in the development of English law Essay

Moral views in the development of English law - Essay Example 123), which calls upon a legal community's moral judgment in determining what is aptly, the common good. Moreover, within the context of English Law, this relationship is further emphasised in the role that judges play in the development of precedents embodied within case law. Thus, it is within this context that this essay aims to analyse the significance that moral views have played, if they did, in the development of English Law. As this essay will argue, moral views have played a significant role in the development of English laws, due to the consideration that the legal community has given to the collective standards of morality accepted by the English society in creating legislations, statutes, and EC (European Council) Directives; and the discretion of judges in developing precedents in common law. To prove this point, the essay will begin by presenting the sources of English Law. It will then illustrate the manner that legislations, statutes, and EC Directives are reflective of societal perceptions of morality; and the extent of judges' discretion in case law. Lastly, the essay will illustrate the role morals have played in the development of English law, as well as the effect it has had the law's legal development, before ending with concluding statements. Under English Law, legal development proceeds through a number of instruments such as precedent through courts, legislation through the UK parliament, and as a result of European legislation through directives and decisions of the European Union court adopted by the government. What is apparent among these sources is the degree of discretionary power given both to the individual judges under common law in terms of interpretation, such that disputes can be resolved in a manner that can be either just or unjust; and to the legal community in terms of legislation, which is affected by the individual judgment of each member, as well - both of which will be discussed in following sections. What is imperative as this point, however, is the need to distinguish between morality and moral views, such that while morality refers to some conventional conception of right or wrong; moral views, which is the topic of this essay, refers to the individual standards adhered to by individual judges an d members of the parliament, as well as legislators of Community law. Thus, in order to illustrate that moral views are significant in the development of laws, one must simply illustrate that discretion is evident in the legal development of English Law, regardless if this legal development is moral or not. In this respect, this essay argues that the significance of moral views are evident in the way that English Law can both either be just or unjust, depending on the consensus of legislators' moral views regarding the common good; and the moral judgment of case law judges in interpreting these rules. English Law and the Common Good The Parliament consists of the Crown, the elected House of Common and the Unelected House of Lords. As Sir E. Coke claims, it is "the highest and most honourable and absolute Court of Justice in England,' and its 'jurisdiction' is 'so transcendent' that it can make and repeal laws on any subject matter and its honour and justice cannot be doubted" (cited in Walters 2003). This is also echoed by Austin, claiming that "the sovereign, or supreme legislator, is the author of all law"

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Ethics - Essay Example In a business environment, the three factors must be combined to accomplish organization’s goals through a set of relationships between organization’s management, shareholders, and other stakeholders. Structures in corporate governance are provided through which the objectives of the company are set and it acts as the means of monitoring performance and achieving objectives. Equally, an organizational structure seeks to determine how the roles, responsibilities and power are assigned, coordinated and controlled and how information will flow between different managerial levels. In a decentralized structure, the decision making power is evenly distributed and divisions and departments may have different degrees of flexibility and independence In a centralized structure most of the decision making flows from the top and it may have tight control over divisions and departments. ... Owing to innovations in information and communication technology the world has become increasingly virtual. This is a concept of people with complementary skills who are equally committed to a common purpose goal where they hold themselves mutually acceptable. The first major key to this is that the finance manager will be able to work across boundaries of time and space by making use of computer driven technology. Secondly, it enables the finance manager to interact with sub teams through interdependent tasks guided by common purpose and work across links lead by transport, information and communication. Thirdly, there is quick response to changing business environments making it easier for the manager to unite experts in specialized fields working far from each other digitally. It also provides greater degree of freedom to managers involved with development projects and it saves time and money. Although this virtuosity is effective, it is different from co-relation reasons being th at a manager must build trust differently because it is measured exclusively in reliability terms. Likewise, co-located teams benefit from facilitation of the manager while in virtual teams a manager must provide clear direction. Finally, decisions must be arrived at differently to avoid cultural bias (Kelley, 2001). Discussion 3 Barriers to Change as Depicted By Gayla Holges Organizational barriers are restrictions that rise on the eve of renewing an organization direction, capabilities and structure in a bid to serve the ever changing needs of both external and internal customers. According to Gayla Holges there are three major barriers to

Dove Campaign For Real Beauty Media Essay

Dove Campaign For Real Beauty Media Essay VIDEO: The video Evolution starts with an ordinary fair girl sitting against a camera. Now the movement starts with some professionals (make-up artists) start applying make-up on her step by step and finally it shows how this ordinary looking girl is converted to a beautiful model. Not only this, the further step involved the digital alteration of a picture of her to make her even better looking. Afterwards, this final picture is used at a billboard and the line below it captures this: No wonder our perception of beauty is distorted. To move further, this final picture is used to advertise an unreal beauty product on a billboard. This whole make-up video was posted on Youtube and it was viewed 40,000 times on the first day of its release and 1,700,000 times within a month of the upload . http://fashionrules.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/dove-campaign-for-real-beauty.jpg Message: This viral message was aimed to raise awareness about the Dove Self-Esteem Fund. The objective of the fund was to help women and girls from Canada trying to build a stronger self-esteem and a better positive self-image than the negative one which had been running them anxious. This campaign was created by Ogilvy Mather Toronto for the Canadian market only but it soon became a rage and had a huge impact not only in Canada but all over the world. Effect: The video had a strong effect and it gradually spread much beyond the Canadian Market- the initial target market for this message, thanks to the advent of social media especially the use of YouTube here. The audience got to know that the advertisement in magazines and on the television is not the real thing. The model girls are made better looking than they actually are; but the problem once that women tend to take it as true and thus develop a with low self-esteem as they are not able to understand the true side of it. But this video helped them understand this and thus had a positive impact on their psyche as far as they perceive the beauty as shown to them. Reasons for impact: It becomes an interesting study to find out what were the reasons that made this video so popular. Some major reasons that can be though off are: Emotional connection: For any viral message to be successful, it should be able to connect to the audience on an emotional level. If anyone feels emotional by watching a video, it is bound to encourage the person to share it with like-minded people and feel good about it and this is the way a viral grows making it infectious. This video directly hit the identity and the self-image of girls and women by exposing to them the reality behind the beauty industry and increasing their confidence in their own inner beauty with less emphasis on the external beauty thus helping them create a positive and optimistic self-image and staying away from fake beauties shown by the media. A Sticky and memorable message: In addition to being emotional, the message should be substantial in itself and should be strong enough to directly reach the memory of the audience. In this video, a message was created telling people that the way they see the beauty is not the real one, its just make up and not the real natural stuff, the reality being something else. Most people did or do not know how fake the beauty industry really is. This is why the message made such a big impact on peoples perception and resulted in remembering who sent the message.For Dove,it helped in creating a brand loyalty where audience would remember not only the message but develop a strong brand recall and reputation for Dove. A Novel idea: With this video, Dove did something different and extra-ordinary wherein it not only tried to promote its brand but tried to show the audience that I actually cared for them and wanted to show them the real picture. Audience liked the idea in which the perception about the beautiful ad models was changed and the reality was exposed by this video. This novelty in the idea played a huge role in the spread of this video through online media at such a rapid pace. The Indirect and subtle approach One of the best things that happen with this video was the trust that it developed among the audience and it happened because of the subtle manner in which the brand was conveyed along with the message. There was no direct and over-the-face mention of the products or the company or its name. But at the same time, the message behind the message, from Doves perspective, was that the female segment should get the real picture, should aim to be supermodels, instead just try to enjoy their normal beauty and for that they dont need cosmetics or surgeries, all they need a bar of soap, one which cares for them. The continuity in approach One of the major problems with a viral message is that the enthusiasm generated by the message can easily fall down and thus there should be a disciplined way to counter this. After the fast spread of this videos and the message, the company realized fast that it needs to keep the fire up and thus it released few other videos with same message fast along with behind the scene coverings and also did everything through other ways like interviews, surveys etc. to keep the buzz alive. The likeability The video was very much likeable and it generated a feel good factor among the audience by negating the negative self-image resulting from the wrong perception portrayed by the beauty industry. This was huge and had a big impact on the appeal and attraction of the video. Power of social media: Today, Online internet media is a very powerful tool to spread your message across at a very high speed and across very wide reach. There was a lot of talk about this video on different blogs or through comments and responses in the form of more videos on YouTube that were not only serious ones but were spoofs too like Slob Evolution. Through all this, the power of the video viral grew manifolds and bigger and bigger which created a buzz and thus reached a large audience across the globe. Talking about the other side of this viral, the audience which was exposed to this video viral reported a positive change in their attitude and perception towards the brand, and not only those, this was also among the people that had only heard about it and yet not seen it. Thus through this campaign, Dove proved that viral marketing through social media is a very powerful tool if used it the right manner. It can go a long way in changing the attitudes of people towards a brand with good viral marketing, which results in more sales. Not only this, Even without having appeared anywhere through offline means, the video and it effects were discussed by a good number of TV programs, which includes Good Morning America,  The View, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and news channels such as  CNN,  NBC, and  News, showing support for the message with an overwhelming majority. It produced double-figure growth in product sales for Dove , and also Unilever reported that its overall sales rose by 5.8%, up from 3.9% the previous year in the duration following the release of  Evolution. Also now, Dove has a page on Facebook which mentions their mission as being committed towards helping all women to realize their real beauty potential by creating products that would deliver genuine improvement to their skin and hair. It believes that beauty must be for everyone, the reason that when one looks and feels the best, one feels better about self. To get an idea about how successful this campaign has been, the count on the fans of this page is 283,808 people. Major characteristics of a viral that enhance its ability to spread Outstanding story like the success of an underdog in some competition etc.Latest on Facebook is the video of interview of a student from a very poor family who went on to become the topper of the IAS exam this year 2010. Stickiness : Sticky  content  refers to content published on a  website, which has the purpose of getting a user to return to that particular website or hold their attention and get them to spend longer periods of time at that site.  Uploaded links or tagging pictures are such examples as consumers tend to come back to same messages to post some comment Relevance A viral tends to spread fast through online media if it is relevant to the target friends. E.g. messages related to Business may be more relevant for a MBA student and so have higher chances of getting forwarded through e-mails, blogs or commented high on Facebook. Portability Share ability Timing and actuality Seeding hook Natures of viral Today use of social media is almost indispensible especially for the current generation. This can be seen with the ever-increasing users of blogs, Facebook, twitter etc. With the tremendous amount of information easily available on internet today, there is a huge emphasis on sharing today and everyone wants to be more and more aware about various things. But that does not mean that everything on this earth is shared. Rather there has to be some value, some relevance in the message for it to be important enough to be forwarded and propagated. To know about these characteristics, 47 internet users were interviewed( 28 from IIM K personally and 19 through online survey) and they were asked about the top 3 types of messages they are more inclined to share and were given 9 options to choose from. Following were the results:- The results showed that the major types of the viral messages that are likely to be propagated fast through social media are Comic content, socially relevant stuff or some inspirational/motivational information. Further, these users were asked about their medium of their sharing and following were the results:- Around 48% use social networking sites like Facebook, Orkut etc. to share the messages whereas forwarding of e-mails was a distant second and seems to be losing its charm with the advent of other better means of sharing like networking sites etc. But then if looked closely, use of a particular medium for sharing by a user depends on his location and access to various media.To have a better understanding of this, the 47 respondents were then divided into 2 separate sections Students and Working users and the data were collated separately as shown:- The results show the changes in preference of the medium used due to the constained access. For instance figure 1 which has all IIM K students as the respondentd show that majority of them use Facebook or other networking sites as their most preferred medium of message propagation and here e-mail forwards form a very small(only 7%) of their media usage for information sharing. On the contrary,the working respondendts who generally have a constained accees to social netwokring sites instead use more of e-mail forwards.

Profits in the Checkout Zone :: essays research papers

Top profits in the checkout zone Productivity per unit area in the impulse buying zone at the checkout is as much as five times higher than in the rest of a store. And every retailer should rely in this zone on the proven sales getters tobacco, chewing gum and sweets, take very good care of these assortments, and present them in well arranged, tidy fashion – this is the upshot of a new EHI study. wThe sales area of an up-to-date checkout zone is the result of 20 years of continuous, joint optimisation by retailers and manufacturers. Product range and display are so highly developed in this area that as much as five per cent of overall turnover, and an even higher percentage of profits, are generated by goods placed in the checkout area. For this reason, checkout zone planning requires utmost attention. So if you are into self-scanning solutions with â€Å"zero waiting time†, if receptacles for those disposable containers carrying deposits take up precious (because scarce) space, if â€Å"exotic† articles carrying listing charges threaten tried and tested sales getters, you should always consider the influence these measures have on the sales performance in the checkout zones. No point in non-food articles The branded products producers BAT, Ferrero, Langnese and Wrigley commissioned EHI International Retail Network to perform a current product mix analysis. Aim: to investigate the sales, costs and earnings of the checkout zone product range and to draw up an operating result calculation for full-line distributors. For the three sales outlet types supermarket/small hypermarket (average 1,200 sqm), large hypermarket (2,400 sqm), and superstore (6,700 sqm), nation-wide and across retail chains the checkout assortments were recorded article for article according to turnover, profit and space requirement and grouped into merchandise categories. The underlying idea was to define the optimal assortment for a checkout zone. Whereas â€Å"normal† shopping in the general selling area mostly involves rational, targeted buying, the checkout area is the place for impulse buying. However, if the impulse threshold is to be crossed, the price and the brand must be right. The average prices of articles offered in the checkout areas of the three outlet types examined do not differ significantly. The average prices established were 69 cents for sweets and 93 cents for ice cream, i.e., prices which the buyer does not have to think about for long. The examined merchandise groups were tobacco products, sweets, ice cream in small packages, small alcoholic drinks and non-foods.

Positive Psychology in the Workplace

Positive Psychology in the Workplace Sandie Tharp University of Charleston English II Nada Najjar March 30th, 2013 Positive Psychology in the Workplace It has been proven that positive psychology in the workplace can improve and enhance workplace satisfaction because employees are more confident and are better able to manage stress and adversity. Employees that are happier with their work environment are typically more motivated and are more likely to pursue growth and development. Job satisfaction is an engine that drives organizations to success and keeps turnover rate to a minimum.An article from Harvard Business Review states that â€Å"a decade of research proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: raising sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a myriad of health and quality of life improvements† (2011, Archor). Additionally, the author Archor asks if there is anything that a company can do to affect em ployee happiness and should a company invest resources into happiness. One avenue to happiness is using training as a tool that can be used to help employees to learn to manage stress.The first step is explaining the goal of the organization and how the employee contributes to that goal. Clear goals and expectations set out the mile post marking the marathon, by having clearly marked points of achievement for individuals or teams giving them a clear map to their success. It’s the manager’s responsibility to verify the goals of the team members, identify the common goal, and verify that they are in alignment with the organization goals. The King James Version of the Bible states â€Å"train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it† (Proverbs. 2:6- King James Version). On the job training is the adult equivalent to raising a child. Putting subordinates on the path of success by providing the focus of the organizational ins tead of having the employee assuming or guessing about what to do causing stress and uncertainty. The economics of happiness in the workplace means that happy employees can help achieve organizational goals more easily because they are ready to give their best. Companies like Google and DreamWorks empower employees to use creative freedom in every day decision making.Google was a company that had to come up with a quick plan to reduce the turnover rate of their women employees because the turnover rate was affecting Google’s bottom line. In response, Google implemented a 5 month paid maternity plan, which gave new mothers the ability to take all the time upfront or to divide the time as needed. This new incentive plan reduced turnover by 50 percent among women and cost the firm no more than hiring a new employee. Google’s President Laszlo Bock, states â€Å"that if you factor in the savings in recruitment costs, granting mothers five months of leave doesn’t cos t Google any more money† (2013,Manjool).The new maternity policy that Google has implemented exemplifies why Google has become one of the best employers in the world, taking a major cause of employee turnover from a crippling weakness to a world class strength. Carolinas Healthcare is a system that contains 32 affiliated hospitals in North and South Carolina and is one of the leading healthcare systems in the southeast; Carolinas Healthcare employs over 44,000 employees. Managing such a large number of employees would be a challenge for any organization, but CHS has stepped up to the plate and has met that challenge and is leading the way for positive work environment.During a recent employee survey conducted by Morehead and Associates, CHS ranked in the 90th percentile in the national ranking of employee satisfaction. Carolinas Healthcare System already has a reputation of being â€Å"An Employer of Choice,† recognized by the JD Power and Associates in 2011† (201 2,Tarwater). This recognition has helped attracted top doctors and other medical professionals from all over the world. CHS concentrates on growth and expansion which helps generate excitement throughout the organization. Carolinas HealthCare System ecognizes that the employees are its most valuable asset and is dedicated to the growth and contentment of its employees. CHS recognizes that encouraging employees to continue educational growth will result in higher functioning, more competent workforce. Currently CHS offers an educational plan that reimburses employees for covered educational expenses and flexible scheduling around educational opportunities. Like Google with its maternity benefit, CHS has recognized that employees need and desire a clear path to growth and addresses this need with the educational assistance plan.Many organizations recognize the value of multiple bottom lines beyond monetary profit. Today the focus is on providing an environment based on positive intera ctions, outcomes and sustainability of the workforce. Organizations have come to realize that emotional intelligence and understanding is what allows employees to create positive interactions with customers and co-workers. According to Psych Central â€Å"research has shown that employees who are fully engaged in the work they do, and who have a sense of intrinsic motivation, are likely to perform better and a have better work outcomes† (2011, Wilner).To achieve these outcomes it is up to the organization to involve the employees and allow them to uncover their individual gifts and have the independence to use them for the common goals. Allowing employees to be involved gives them accountability for the success of the organization and a sense of pride, happiness and fulfillment. Positive psychology in the workplace can improve and enhance workplace satisfaction and have a positive impact on the organization’s bottom line. Companies like Google and Carolinas Healthcare understand the importance of a positive work environment.Both have provided pathways to fulfillment, whether through providing enhancement programs or through fostering positive interaction. Firms must continually look for avenues to promote growth, fulfillment and ultimately employee satisfaction if they are continue to improve the bottom line. It has been said that cheaper isn’t better; better is better. Today a better work force is cheaper than a cheap one. By continuing to harvest the fruits of a cohesive team built over time, an organization creates synergies that have a much greater return than the firm invests to create them. References Archor, S. (2011). â€Å"The Happiness Dividend†.Retrieved from http://blogs. hbr. org/cs/2011/06/the_happiness_dividend. html Bible – King James Version (1997). Proverbs 22:6. Hendrickson Publishers: Peabody. MA. Manjool, F. (2013). â€Å"Here's How Google Became Such A Great Place To Work. Retrieved from http://www. huf fingtonpost. com/2013/01/22/working-at-google_n_2526889. html Tarwater, M. (2012). â€Å"Employee Satisfaction†. Retrieved from www. carolinashealthcare. org Wilner, J. (2011). â€Å"5 Ways Positive Psychology can Improve the Workplace†. Retrieved from http://blogs. psychcentral. com/positive-psychology/2011/11/5-ways-positive-psychology-can-improve-the-workplace/

Escher essays

Escher essays Maurits Cornelis Escher was born on June 17, 1898, in Leeuwarden, Netherlands. His parents were George Arnold Escher and Sarah Gleichman Escher. They had three sons and Maurits, called Mauk for short, was the youngest. The family lived in a big and nice house named "Princessehof," which would later become a museum and hosted exhibitions of M.C. Escher's works. Young M.C. Escher and his family later moved to Arnhem. He attended elementary and secondary school there, and also in the seaside town of Zandvoort, where he lived for a while to improve his health. In 1907, he started learning carpentry and piano. In secondary school, his marks were poor except in drawing. His art teacher took an interest in his artistic talent, and taught him to make linocuts. He failed his final exam and never graduated. Also, in 1917, the Escher family moved to Oosterbeek, Holland. During this year and the following few years, M.C. Escher became very involved in literature, and began to write some of his own poems and essays. Trying to pursue a career in architecture, M.C. Escher next moved to Haarlem and began studies as the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts. There he met the artist Jessurun de Mesquita. After seeing Escher's drawings, Mesquita and the school's director advised him to continue with them. He began full-time study of the graphic and decorative arts in 1919. In 1922, Escher and a couple of friends visited Italy. He did a great deal of serious drawing in San Gimignano, Volterra, and Siena. He spent all of the spring of 1922 roaming the Italian countryside, drawing landscapes, plants, and even insects. In On June 12, 1924, Escher married Jetta in Viareggio, Italy. The new couple traveled much that year. They visited Genoa, Annecy, and Brussels. Upon their return home, Escher and Jetter bought a house just outside Rome and moved into it in October of 1925. Shortly after Escher and ...

Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System

Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System As political disillusionment intensifies in America, Diamond and Plattner (2006) show that parties and candidates are becoming more cynical thus culminating into low voter turnout. Several proposals have been brought forth to revolutionize the American electoral system among them the campaign finance reform.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the attention given to the most recent reform (PR system) has made more people to consider replacing the current SMD (winner-takes-it-all) system with the PR system. United States is a democratic and a multi-party state. Therefore, an effective electoral system should cater for the interests of the parties present and the people without compromising on democracy. What impact is the change likely to have on (a) party-system and (b) democracy in U.S.? T hese are the most fundamental questions that people should seek to answer before replacing the SMD system. It is important that we understand the party-system and the democratic deficiencies present in SMD so that we can decide whether PR will be a practical option. The SMD system discriminates against third parties, does not represent all voters, discourages people from voting and enacts laws that do not correspond with the public views. These problems reveal a fundamental flaw in the electoral system; the only persons represented are those who elect the winning candidate. The rest, about 49% in every district never get any representation as the election system shuts out the minorities from participating in elections. What happens is that a Republican who is in a Democrats dominated district votes but his/her votes go to waste because the Republican candidate never wins. Due to lack of minorities’ representation in the electoral system, Shively (2011) asserts that there is h eightened lack of democracy in the electoral system. This explains why there is distorted representation in the state, local legislatures and Congress. The SMD system also shows evidence of unequal representation of political parties. Parties end up getting more or less, than what they deserve. For instance, the House of Representative Elections (1994) saw the Democrats in Washington get 22% of the seats despite winning with over 50% votes.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As put across by Diamond and Plattner (2006), PR systems make use of multi-member districts and uses larger districts to elect the members required as an alternative to voting a single member in every small district. In addition, the number of candidates who win seats in the multi-member districts is dependent on the votes each party gets. For instance, in a PR district consisting of 20 members, if the Democratic Party gets 50%, the Democratic candidates get ten seats. If the Republican Party gets 30%, the party’s candidates secure six seats and if there is a third party with 20%, four seats are reserved for its candidates. A PR system would make sure that all people and parties get a fair and just representation. This is because under PR, there is representation of all significant groups including the political minorities who might only garner 10 or 20 % of the votes. The PR system ensures that the legislature reflects the parties’ voting strengths. For instance, a party with 40% of the votes gets 40% of the seats. Presently, the party-system reflects the unfairness of SDM. The Republican Party and Democratic Party, which are the winning parties, dominate the electoral system thus limiting other parties from winning. The PR system will offer diversity and make sure that emerging third parties such as the Liberation party, the New Party and the Greens get realis tic chances to challenge the two major parties. Such parties will only need 10% of the votes to elect a candidate hence guaranteeing the viability of the minor parties. Shively (2011) notes that this would lead to a healthy multi-party state where there is fair and free representation and competition among political parties. This would also guarantee that there are varied choices during elections. Each person can find a party or candidate that he/she can enthusiastically support. As a result, the public would exercise its voting rights in a democratic manner and with the assurance that their votes are not wasted; there is a guarantee that a 10% vote would see a candidate who can represent their views/needs in parliament. For this reason, voter turnout would be high meaning that the multi-party system formed would be heterogeneous. Thus, varied political perspectives present in the electorate would guarantee that there is a wide-ranging political debate that would uphold democracy, l ead to new ideas and sound decision-making.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moving from SMD (Single Member District) System to PR (Proportional Representation) System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To maintain or uphold democracy, Shively (2011) emphasizes that the government should allow all people to participate equally in every decision that affects them. The PR system will enhance democracy by giving the party-system a complete overhaul whereby the dominance of the winning parties will be eradicated and equal representation of all political parties, including the minor ones guaranteed. The PR system will also ensure that the electoral system upholds democratic rights, including voting rights and political representation rights of all citizens. Simply stated, PR system will cater for the party-system and democratic deficiencies in the SMD system without compromising on the role of the electoral system. Diamond , Larry Jay., and Marc F. Plattner. Electoral Systems and Democracy. Baltimore, MD: JHU Press, 2006. Print. Shively, W. Phillips. Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. 12th  Edition. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.

Marine Reserve Area (MPA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marine Reserve Area (MPA) - Essay Example The term MPA is used in the generic sense covering all marine sites that meet the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources’s (IUCN) protected area definition â€Å"regardless of purpose, design, management approach, or gazetted name including marine reserve, sanctuary, and marine park† (UNEP-WCMC, 2008, p.18). â€Å"Historically, protected areas were established on an individual ad hoc basis rather than through a systematic, planned process† (UNEP-WCMC, 2008, p.13). In the case of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), from as early as 1988, the need for a global protective system was recognized at various important global conferences. The establishment of marine protected areas were to be consistent with international law, based on scientific information, and required the formation of a global network of Marine Protected Areas. While regional action and targets aimed to establish protected area systems by 2010 based on regional and environmental conventions and protocols, the Congress also recommended the establishment of MPA networks across 20 to 30% of the world’s oceans by 2012. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) took into consideration all the recommendations, and responded by making it mandatory for all parties to establish protected areas as planned and managed as a system or network. Marine protected areas are developed for fulfilling multiple objectives. They take into consideration conservation of the biodiversity and genetic diversity of the area, preserving ecosystems and maintaining ecological processes, and sustainable use of natural resources. Further, MPAs protect commercially valuable species, replenish depleted stocks, provide protection from natural hazards, and undertake education and research in related fields. Marine protected areas also ensure benefits to society and the economy, and promote

Library extension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library extension - Essay Example The roof beams are supported by the exterior main columns and are placed as a rafter. A truss is not included since a roof beam can carry the roof loads and also for the reason of abiding by the design intent of having a "high ceiling" and unobstructed natural light from the glazed section of the roof. The foundation is composed of isolated footings and retaining walls for the basement part. The longest span involved is 13 meters which is located at the faade of the building. Since the requirement is for the faade to be entirely composed of glass, two columns are supporting two roof beams propped against each other. The load transfer is synonymous to that of an arch frame. The two columns are supported by a main beam at ground level and beams that connect it to the next span. In the event that a huge lateral load or a very heavy roof load is applied way beyond the structure can support, these columns likely would be the first components to fail. No attachments are made to the existing museum and library, thus the new extension is structurally independent from them. Spans of 4.5 meters and 9 meters are designed for the beams wherein intermediate beams are provided for beams supporting a span of 9 meters. This would yield smaller members in the subsequent analysis and design. Tie beams are also found in the foundation and ground floor framing to support lateral movements. Further, aside from beam-to-column connections, there are beam-to-beam connections as well, and a planted column supporting the stairs. 3. Accommodation of Services Building services are accommodated and are given 0.8 meters. For services located in the basement, ground floor, and first floor; there is enough space for the conveyance of building utilities and at the same time, their pipe runs can be concealed. However, cladding must be made at the 1st floor overhead utilities (e.g. lighting), since there is no ceiling at the 1st floor. C. Scheme 2: 1. Functional Framing Scheme 2 is designed to have the least number of structural members as possible. The advantage to this approach is less members and longer spans that would give to larger uninterrupted spaces. However, members would have to be bigger or deeper to support longer spans. The framing for the basement remains the same as in the previous scheme. The framing support for the ground floor is remarkably decreased. This is for the reason that tie beams have been eliminated considering that the ground floor slab would be slab-on-fill. A wall footing tie beam is designated as support for the admin office wall. For the first floor framing, only one intermediate beam is designated for the slab at the adult's reading area. The span of 9-meters on the side of the cavity wall side is supported by two columns only. The roof framing is the same as in scheme 1. 2. Load Transfer and Stability Aspects As in scheme 1, the area of concern is on the supports at the faade since no column is located on the center of the faade that would possibly support a